Introduction:

 Economic development refers to a process of expansion which leads to higher level of per capita real income. Economic development is the precondition of growth in fact economic development is a process whereby an economics real national income as well as per capita income increases over a long period of time. Stages of economic development like Preparatory stage, The take off period and Period of self sustained growth Etc. Many factors or determinants of economic development are responsible for such as.

Determinants of economic development:

The process of development depends on many factors like natural resources, physical and human capital, technology, social political, economic structure of the country. Determinants of development are broadly classified into:

1. Economic Factors: Economics factor as determinants of development includes natural and human resources. natural resources are those which are available as a free gift  of nature includes land ,water ,minerals ,fossils ,fuel. It is divided into three categories that is bio climatic resources like land, water, forest and climate and environment ,fossil fuels and non fuel minerals resources. The country which are rich in natural resources have more scope for high economic growth many of the Western countries development is due to their abundant availability of natural resources . But there are lots of exceptions to this for example: many countries like Africa rich in natural resources but poor in development.

2. Human resources: They are also equally important. Few countries such as Japan is poor in natural resources but their human resources have turn those countries into rich and success. Human resources are you prerequisite for development of a country. A country divide of human resources and progress even if it is a good abundant with natural resources human resources can be divided into categories that is physical labor and human skill is a knowledge embodied in human

3.Physical Capital: Roads, railways, airports, and communication systems are essential for efficient transportation and communication, lowering transaction costs and enabling economic activities Investment in machinery and technology increases productivity in industries and agriculture, enabling countries to produce more goods and services efficiently.

4. Economic Policies: Effective fiscal policies (taxation, government spending) and monetary policies (interest rates, money supply) maintain economic stability and encourage growth. Policies that promote free trade and exports help countries access larger markets, diversify their economies, and attract foreign investment. Protectionist policies, however, may limit growth and competition Policies that support specific industries, especially those in emerging sectors, can foster economic diversification and resilience.

5. Non economic factors: It refers to socio-political factors or even religious factors political environment directly influenced economic development. Stable political administration generates faith of the people in the program and policies of the government .accordingly people venture to make investment in diverse areas of economic activity social institutions like caste system, joint family system and loss of inheritance place important role in economic development. corruption free system is certainly more conductive to the process of growth and development than the one when corruption is present.

also read: Distinguished between economic growth and economic development?